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The Fundamentals of Due Diligence: The Basics For Buyers



Many buyers find themselves fretful over add backs and owner benefits when it comes to due diligence; unfortunately, this concern often overshadows the fundamental objectives of due diligence.  During due diligence the buyer’s main goal is verifying the business’ earnings and discovering whether or not the business will fulfill the buyer’s requirements.  While there are many helpful business buying books and articles that provide extensive due diligence checklists to guide you through the process, the buyer need not be confused about due diligence if they keep three simple ideas in mind:

1.  The business’ revenue
2.  The cost of goods sold
3.  Your future expenses

1.  The business’ revenue is the first and most important number to verify.  The most common verification method used is tax returns.  Banks and other lending institutions almost always rely solely on tax returns to verify revenues when approving a loan for a business acquisition.  There are alternative ways to verify revenue such as bank statements, register receipts, sales logs, etc; however, none of these methods can give you the level of surety that tax returns provide.

2.  The business’ cost of goods sold, which is the seller’s cost of the inventory sold, is the next item to verify.  Many buyers will completely skip this step by relying on the numbers provided in the tax returns.  This could be a costly mistake because many sellers adjust this number based on their individual tax situation.  The number on the tax return may not be the actual cost of the inventory sold.  Once you have verified the total annual revenue and the cost of goods sold you are left with the real “gross profit” of the business.

3.  The thing to focus on now is future expenses.  It doesn’t matter whether the seller paid his personal cell phone bill or trip to Tahiti through the company.  What you need to focus on is what your expenses are going to be.  For instance, find out what the current lease terms are and whether you should expect any significant increase in your rent expense.  If the business has used a certain supplier, verify whether that supplier will still give you the same rate as the previous owner.  It is also wise to review the seller’s payroll expense.  In many cases, small business owners employ family members without paying them; in other cases, business owners may pay some of their employees in cash.  Review the seller’s payroll expense to see if you will need to allot more money for your payroll expense.  Review any contracts the seller has with equipment companies, suppliers, or vendors to find out how the current expenses might change after you have taken possession of the business.

Now that you know the three fundamental things to focus on during due diligence, the business’ revenue, the costs of goods sold, and your future expenses, you are on your way to clearly assessing the business’ worth and one step closer to owning the business of your dreams.

Posted on March 23, 2010  |   Email This Blog Post   |   Print This Blog Post

 Categories: BizBen Blog Contributor, Buying A Business
 

Comments:

What can get kind of dicey is figuring out what the seller's real expenses are when the claim is that some of the so-called expenses are really personal expenses charged off to the business. Buyers have to be cautious here because the seller will have you believing that office expenses were really to maintain the home office and keep it equipped. But didn't mention that a lot of the office work for the business is done at home and the expenses are going to be incurred doing the bookkeeping and tax returns and printing out flyers and things like that as real business functions. They might not be for personal use at all.

Posted by: Chaz A.

I agree that looking at tax returns is the way to go. That's really serious when the information that is shown to a buyer is the same information that went to the government. Sometimes the amount on the tax return is lower than what the seller claims the business is doing. I know what's going on. The seller probably is under reporting when he files taxes. But hold him to that number. The business value should be based on what's reported to the I R S. If the seller says there is more income than is shown on the books, make him prove it.

Posted by: Ron F.

This article reminds me that we get involved in crunching the numbers sometimes and we forget to stand back and make sure everything makes sense. Can you believe that a due diligence expert was looking at the books of a shoe store and she said everything added up, but she didn't even notice there was no figure for cost of goods sold. That's really stupid. Fortunately, the wife of the buyer picked up on that and they didn't go through with buying it.

Posted by: Louis Tek

That's a good point about looking at the balance sheet and comparing year to year. If, for example, the amount of inventory has been declining, it means that the cost of goods sold is not limited to just what was purchased for resale. It would be misleading to look only at purchases to determine cost of goods and gross profits.

Posted by: Alex Max

This is a nice simple way to approach this topic, which can get complicated. It’s a good idea to do some digging by looking at supplier invoices and check stubs or checkbook registers, as well as the P & L and tax filings to make sure the information reported is actual and accurate. And look at the balance sheet also, going back three to five years. If there have been major changes is value of assets, it could impact the profitability.

Posted by: Jeff K.


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About This Blog
Peter Siegel, MBA is a nationally known consultant and author - with over 25 years experience on the topic of selling, buying, and niche financing (the purchase of), small to mid-sized businesses. His clients include: business buyers, business owners/sellers, small business advisors, and business brokers.
This Blog contains observations, tips, news, events, and case studies relating to selling or buying a small business.
This Blog is ideal for business buyers, business owners, advisors, business brokers & agents.



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